SMAW ARC welding is a metal joining process that uses heat energy to melt the workpiece and electrodes (filler). Thermal energy in the SMAW welding process is generated due to the electric ion jumps (cathode and anode) that occur at the tip of the electrode and the surface of the material.
In the SMAW welding process, the type of protection used is a flux membrane on the electrode. The flux on the SMAW electrode serves to protect the weld metal that melts during the welding process. This flux will become slag when it is solid.
Electric welding is a general term for SMAW welding that is done by many people, when in fact there are many types of electric welding such as GTAW, GMAW, FCAW and SAW are also electric welding.